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A recent study showed that PCS was linked to unemployment and inversely associated with working full time. PCS represents a major health issue worldwide because it severely impacts patients’ work activities and their quality of life. Other frequent symptoms that persist beyond 6 months after acute COVID-19 infection include post-exertional malaise (PEM), cognitive dysfunction, sleep disturbances, orthostatic intolerance, myalgia, headaches, dyspnea, palpitations, dizziness, and balance disorders. In a recent review of studies on PCS, 92.6% of participants from 55 studies presented with fatigue.

Given the fact that fatigue was reported to occur after several viral and non-viral infections, it is unsurprising that it is one of the main symptoms that characterizes PCS. Approximately 10–35% of COVID-19 non-hospitalized patients experience post-COVID symptoms. They are heterogeneous and often involve multiple organ systems. Symptoms may be new following initial recovery from an acute COVID-19 episode or persist from the initial illness. Our findings demonstrated that pacing is effective in the management of patients with PCS, and that high levels of adherence to pacing are associated with better outcomes.Īccording to the World Health Organization, post-COVID-19 syndrome (PCS) is defined as signs and symptoms that develop during or after an infection consistent with COVID-19, present for more than 12 weeks and are not attributable to alternative diagnoses. Patients who better adhered to pacing (high EPS scores) experienced significantly higher recovery and improvement rates (60–33.3% respectively) than those with low (5.5–5.5% respectively), or moderate (4.3–17.4% respectively) scores. The EPS score was the only variable significantly associated with recovery on multivariate analysis (OR 40.43, p < 0.001). Recovery and improvement rates were 33.7% and 23.3%, respectively. ResultsĪ total of 86 patients were included and followed-up for a median time of 10 months. Recovery was defined as the ability to return to work, and improvement was regarded as the reduction of the number and severity of symptoms. This included epidemiological characteristics, COVID-19 symptoms and associated conditions, fatigue features, perceived health status, employment activity, and the degree of pacing adherence assessed by the engagement in pacing subscale (EPS). Their medical records were reviewed and data related to baseline and follow-up assessments were collected. Pacing strategies were systematically proposed for all patients. We retrospectively included patients meeting the World Health Organization definition of PCS who attended the Internal Medicine Department of Angers University Hospital, France between June 2020 and June 2022, and were followed up until December 2022. In the absence of treatment for both conditions and given the beneficial effect of pacing strategies in ME/CFS, we conducted this study to assess the effectiveness of pacing in PCS patients. Post-COVID-19 syndrome (PCS) shares many features with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS).

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